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\n\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u00a0 No.\u00a0 Vol.\u00a0 IF\u00a0 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 (20%)\u00a0 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u00a0 \u00a0 1\u00a0 \u00a0 USA\u00a0 2012\u00a0 R199\u2013R208\u00a0 303\u00a0 3.34\u00a0 American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative\u00a0 and Comparative Physiology\u00a0 Expression of sweet receptor components in equine small intestine:\u00a0 relevance to intestinal glucose transport \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 The heteromeric sweet taste receptor\u00a0 T1R2-T1R3 is expressed on the luminal membrane of certain populations of\u00a0 enteroendocrine cells. Sensing of sugars and other sweet compounds by this\u00a0 receptor activates a pathway in enteroendocrine cells, resulting in secretion\u00a0 of a number of gut hormones, including glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). This\u00a0 subsequently leads to upregulation in the expression of intestinal\u00a0 Na+\/glucose cotransporter, SGLT1, and increased intestinal glucose\u00a0 absorption. On the basis of the current information available on the horse\u00a0 genome sequence, it has been proposed that the gene for T1R2 (Tas1R2) is\u00a0 absent in the horse. We show here, however, that horses express both the mRNA\u00a0 and protein for T1R2. Equine T1R2 is most closely homologous to that in the\u00a0 pig and the cow.T1R2 protein, along with T1R3, _-gustducin, and GLP-2\u00a0 proteins are coexpressed in equine intestinal endocrine cells. Intravenous\u00a0 administration of GLP-2, in rats and pigs, leads to an increase in the\u00a0 expression of SGLT1 in absorptive enterocytes and enhancement in blood\u00a0 glucose concentrations. GLP-2 receptor is expressed in enteric neurons,\u00a0 excluding the direct effect of GLP-2 on enterocytes. However, electric stimulation of enteric neurons generates a\u00a0 neural response leading to SGLT1 upregulation, suggesting that sugar in the\u00a0 intestine activates a reflex increase in the functional expression of SGLT1.\u00a0 Horses possess the ability to upregulate SGLT1 expression in response to\u00a0 increased dietary carbohydrates, and to enhance the capacity of the gut to\u00a0 absorb glucose. The gut sweet receptor provides an accessible target for\u00a0 manipulating the equine gut to absorb glucose (and water), allowing greater\u00a0 energy uptake and hydration for hard-working horses. \u00a0 Perspectives and Significance The sweet sensor may provide a convenient\u00a0 and accessible target for manipulating the\u00a0 capacity of\u00a0 the equine intestine to absorb glucose (and water). This has potential\u00a0 for\u00a0 enhancing energy uptake and hydration for\u00a0 hard-working horses. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Hard-working horses have a greater demand\u00a0 for glucose as a source of energy.\u00a0 Enhancing the activity of the intestinal\u00a0 glucose cotransporter 1, SGLT1, not only\u00a0 provides the horse with more glucose, but\u00a0 also salt and water. Equine intestine\u00a0 expresses the sweet-sensing components\u00a0 required for upregulation of SGLT1 \u00a0in\u00a0 response to increased luminal glucose. \u00a0 \u00a0 The understanding of the functional\u00a0 properties of equine gastrointestinal carbohydrate sensing, digestion, and\u00a0 absorption allows the rational formulation of feed and\u00a0 feed supplements to enhance intestinal ![\"1\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629](\"https:\/\/vm.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2014\/02\/1\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629-\u064a\u0648\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645-\u062f-.-\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.jpg\")
<\/a>glucoseand water absorption. This has attendant promise for enhancing equine\u00a0 performance and alleviating postexercise dehydration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"